Merge pull request '”add Q42 and passed“' (#8) from developed_in_2024_12_18 into main

Reviewed-on: https://external.feng-arch.cn:35127/fengqi/ysyx/pulls/8

.clang-format

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+---
+Language:        Cpp
+AccessModifierOffset: -4
+AlignAfterOpenBracket: Align
+AlignConsecutiveMacros: false
+AlignConsecutiveAssignments: false
+AlignConsecutiveDeclarations: false
+AlignEscapedNewlines: Right
+AlignOperands:   true
+AlignTrailingComments: true
+AllowAllArgumentsOnNextLine: false
+AllowAllConstructorInitializersOnNextLine: true
+AllowAllParametersOfDeclarationOnNextLine: false
+AllowShortBlocksOnASingleLine: Never
+AllowShortCaseLabelsOnASingleLine: false
+AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: None
+AllowShortLambdasOnASingleLine: All
+AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: Never
+AllowShortLoopsOnASingleLine: false
+AlwaysBreakAfterDefinitionReturnType: None
+AlwaysBreakAfterReturnType: None
+AlwaysBreakBeforeMultilineStrings: false
+AlwaysBreakTemplateDeclarations: Yes
+BinPackArguments: false
+BinPackParameters: false
+BraceWrapping:
+  AfterCaseLabel:  true
+  AfterClass:      true
+  AfterControlStatement: true
+  AfterEnum:       true
+  AfterFunction:   true
+  AfterNamespace:  true
+  AfterObjCDeclaration: true
+  AfterStruct:     true
+  AfterUnion:      true
+  AfterExternBlock: true
+  BeforeCatch:     true
+  BeforeElse:      true
+  IndentBraces:    false
+  SplitEmptyFunction: true
+  SplitEmptyRecord: true
+  SplitEmptyNamespace: true
+BreakBeforeBinaryOperators: None
+BreakBeforeBraces: Custom
+BreakBeforeInheritanceComma: false
+BreakInheritanceList: BeforeColon
+BreakBeforeTernaryOperators: true
+BreakConstructorInitializersBeforeComma: false
+BreakConstructorInitializers: BeforeColon
+BreakAfterJavaFieldAnnotations: false
+BreakStringLiterals: true
+ColumnLimit:     120
+CommentPragmas:  '^ IWYU pragma:'
+CompactNamespaces: false
+ConstructorInitializerAllOnOneLineOrOnePerLine: false
+ConstructorInitializerIndentWidth: 4
+ContinuationIndentWidth: 4
+Cpp11BracedListStyle: true
+DeriveLineEnding: true
+DerivePointerAlignment: false
+DisableFormat:   false
+ExperimentalAutoDetectBinPacking: false
+FixNamespaceComments: true
+ForEachMacros:
+  - foreach
+  - Q_FOREACH
+  - BOOST_FOREACH
+IncludeBlocks:   Preserve
+IncludeCategories:
+  - Regex:           '^"(llvm|llvm-c|clang|clang-c)/'
+    Priority:        2
+    SortPriority:    0
+  - Regex:           '^(<|"(gtest|gmock|isl|json)/)'
+    Priority:        3
+    SortPriority:    0
+  - Regex:           '.*'
+    Priority:        1
+    SortPriority:    0
+IncludeIsMainRegex: '(Test)?$'
+IncludeIsMainSourceRegex: ''
+IndentCaseLabels: false
+IndentGotoLabels: true
+IndentPPDirectives: None
+IndentWidth:     4
+IndentWrappedFunctionNames: false
+JavaScriptQuotes: Leave
+JavaScriptWrapImports: true
+KeepEmptyLinesAtTheStartOfBlocks: true
+MacroBlockBegin: ''
+MacroBlockEnd:   ''
+MaxEmptyLinesToKeep: 2
+NamespaceIndentation: None
+ObjCBinPackProtocolList: Auto
+ObjCBlockIndentWidth: 2
+ObjCSpaceAfterProperty: false
+ObjCSpaceBeforeProtocolList: true
+PenaltyBreakAssignment: 2
+PenaltyBreakBeforeFirstCallParameter: 19
+PenaltyBreakComment: 300
+PenaltyBreakFirstLessLess: 120
+PenaltyBreakString: 1000
+PenaltyBreakTemplateDeclaration: 10
+PenaltyExcessCharacter: 1000000
+PenaltyReturnTypeOnItsOwnLine: 1000
+PointerAlignment: Right
+ReflowComments:  false
+SortIncludes:    true
+SortUsingDeclarations: true
+SpaceAfterCStyleCast: false
+SpaceAfterLogicalNot: false
+SpaceAfterTemplateKeyword: true
+SpaceBeforeAssignmentOperators: true
+SpaceBeforeCpp11BracedList: false
+SpaceBeforeCtorInitializerColon: true
+SpaceBeforeInheritanceColon: true
+SpaceBeforeParens: ControlStatements
+SpaceBeforeRangeBasedForLoopColon: true
+SpaceInEmptyBlock: false
+SpaceInEmptyParentheses: false
+SpacesBeforeTrailingComments: 1
+SpacesInAngles:  false
+SpacesInConditionalStatement: false
+SpacesInContainerLiterals: true
+SpacesInCStyleCastParentheses: false
+SpacesInParentheses: false
+SpacesInSquareBrackets: false
+SpaceBeforeSquareBrackets: false
+Standard:        Latest
+StatementMacros:
+  - Q_UNUSED
+  - QT_REQUIRE_VERSION
+TabWidth:        4
+UseCRLF:         false
+UseTab:          Never
+...

.clang-tidy

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+---
+Checks: 'clang-analyzer-*,cppcoreguidelines-*,modernize-*,bugprone-*,performance-*,readability-*,readability-non-const-parameter,misc-const-correctness,misc-use-anonymous-namespace,google-explicit-constructor,-modernize-use-trailing-return-type,-bugprone-exception-escape,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-constant-array-index,-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-magic-numbers,-bugprone-easily-swappable-parameters,-cppcoreguidelines-non-private-member-variables-in-classes'
+WarningsAsErrors: ''
+HeaderFilterRegex: ''
+CheckOptions:
+  - key:             readability-magic-numbers.IgnoredFloatingPointValues
+    value:           '0.0;1.0;100.0;'
+  - key:             readability-magic-numbers.IgnoredIntegerValues
+    value:           '0;1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9;'

.editorconfig

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# EditorConfig is awesome: http://EditorConfig.org
+
+root = true
+
+[*]
+indent_style = space
+indent_size = 4
+trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+insert_final_newline = true
+end_of_line = lf
+
+[*.md]
+trim_trailing_whitespace = false
+
+[Makefile]
+indent_style = tab
+trim_trailing_whitespace = false

.gitattributes

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Set the default behavior for all files.
+* text=auto eol=lf
+
+# Normalized and converts to native line endings on checkout.
+*.c text
+*.cc text
+*.cxx
+*.cpp text
+*.h text
+*.hxx text
+*.hpp text

.vscode/launch.json

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+{
+    // Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
+    // Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
+    // For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
+    "version": "0.2.0",
+    "configurations": [
+        {
+            "name": "Q42_1",
+            "type": "cppdbg",
+            "request": "launch",
+            "program": "/home/fengqi/Documents/GitRepos/ysyx/pre-study_phase/2025_02_17/Q42/tests/stack_tests.out",
+            "args": [],
+            "stopAtEntry": true,
+            "cwd": "/home/fengqi/Documents/GitRepos/ysyx/pre-study_phase/2025_02_17/Q42",
+            "environment": [],
+            "externalConsole": false,
+            "MIMode": "gdb",
+            "setupCommands": [
+                {
+                    "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
+                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
+                    "ignoreFailures": true
+                },
+                {
+                    "description": "Set Disassembly Flavor to Intel",
+                    "text": "-gdb-set disassembly-flavor intel",
+                    "ignoreFailures": true
+                }
+            ],
+            "preLaunchTask": "Q42_build"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Q42_2",
+            "type": "cppdbg",
+            "request": "launch",
+            "program": "/home/fengqi/Documents/GitRepos/ysyx/pre-study_phase/2025_02_17/Q42/tests/queue_tests.out",
+            "args": [],
+            "stopAtEntry": true,
+            "cwd": "/home/fengqi/Documents/GitRepos/ysyx/pre-study_phase/2025_02_17/Q42",
+            "environment": [],
+            "externalConsole": false,
+            "MIMode": "gdb",
+            "setupCommands": [
+                {
+                    "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
+                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
+                    "ignoreFailures": true
+                },
+                {
+                    "description": "Set Disassembly Flavor to Intel",
+                    "text": "-gdb-set disassembly-flavor intel",
+                    "ignoreFailures": true
+                }
+            ],
+            "preLaunchTask": "Q42_build"
+        }
+
+    ]
+}

.vscode/tasks.json

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+    // See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558
+    // for the documentation about the tasks.json format
+    "version": "2.0.0",
+    "tasks": [
+        {
+            "label": "Q42_build",
+            "type": "shell",
+            "command": "make || true",
+            "options": {
+                "cwd": "/home/fengqi/Documents/GitRepos/ysyx/pre-study_phase/2025_02_17/Q42"
+            },
+        }
+    ]
+}

pre-study_phase/2025_02_17/Q42/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+CFLAGS=-g -O0 -Wall -Wextra -Isrc -rdynamic -DNDEBUG $(OPTFLAGS)
+LIBS=-ldl $(OPTLIBS)
+PREFIX?=/usr/local
+
+SOURCES=$(wildcard src/**/*.c src/*.c)
+OBJECTS=$(patsubst %.c,%.o,$(SOURCES))
+
+TEST_SRC=$(wildcard tests/*_tests.c)
+TESTS=$(patsubst %.c,%,$(TEST_SRC))
+
+# TARGET=build/lcthw.a
+SO_TARGET=$(patsubst %.a,%.so,$(TARGET))
+
+# The Target Build
+all: $(TARGET) $(SO_TARGET) tests
+
+dev: CFLAGS=-g -Wall -Isrc -Wall -Wextra $(OPTFLAGS)
+dev: all
+
+
+
+$(TARGET): CFLAGS += -fPIC
+$(TARGET): build $(OBJECTS)
+	ar rcs $@ $(OBJECTS)
+	ranlib $@
+
+$(SO_TARGET): $(TARGET) $(OBJECTS)
+	$(CC) -shared -o $@ $(OBJECTS)
+
+build:
+	@mkdir -p build
+	@mkdir -p bin
+
+# The Unit Tests
+.PHONY: tests
+$(TESTS): %: %.c $(TARGET)
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@.out $(TARGET) $(LIBS)
+tests: $(TESTS)
+	sh ./tests/runtests.sh
+
+valgrind:
+	VALGRIND="valgrind --log-file=/tmp/valgrind-%p.log" $(MAKE)
+
+# The Cleaner
+clean:
+	rm -rf build $(OBJECTS) $(TESTS)
+	rm -f tests/tests.log
+	find . -name "*.gc*" -exec rm {} \;
+	find . -name "*.out*" -exec rm {} \;
+	rm -rf `find . -name "*.dSYM" -print`
+
+# The Install
+install: all
+	install -d $(DESTDIR)/$(PREFIX)/lib/
+	install $(TARGET) $(DESTDIR)/$(PREFIX)/lib/
+
+# The Checker
+BADFUNCS='[^_.>a-zA-Z0-9](str(n?cpy|n?cat|xfrm|n?dup|str|pbrk|tok|_)|stpn?cpy|a?sn?printf|byte_)'
+check:
+	@echo Files with potentially dangerous functions.
+	@egrep $(BADFUNCS) $(SOURCES) || true

pre-study_phase/2025_02_17/Q42/src/lcthw/dbg.h

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#ifndef _dbg_h_
+#define _dbg_h_
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#ifdef NDEBUG
+#define debug(M, ...)
+#else
+#define debug(M, ...) fprintf(stderr, "DEBUG %s:%d:" M "\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#endif
+
+#define clean_errno() (errno == 0 ? "None" : strerror(errno))
+
+#define log_err(M, ...) fprintf(stderr, "[ERROR] (%s:%d: errno: %s) " M "\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, clean_errno(), ##__VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define log_warn(M, ...) fprintf(stderr, "[WARN] (%s:%d: errno: %s) " M "\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, clean_errno(), ##__VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define log_info(M, ...) fprintf(stderr, "[INFO] (%s:%d) " M "\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define check(A, M, ...)           \
+    if (!(A))                      \
+    {                              \
+        log_err(M, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+        errno = 0;                 \
+        goto error;                \
+    }
+
+#define sentinel(M, ...)           \
+    {                              \
+        log_err(M, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+        errno = 0;                 \
+        goto error;                \
+    }
+
+#define check_mem(A) check((A), "Out of memory.")
+
+#define check_debug(A, M, ...)   \
+    if (!(A))                    \
+    {                            \
+        debug(M, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+        errno = 0;               \
+        goto error;              \
+    }
+
+#endif

pre-study_phase/2025_02_17/Q42/src/lcthw/queue.h

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+#ifndef lcthw_Queue_h
+#define lcthw_Queue_h
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+typedef struct QueueNode
+{
+    void *value;
+    struct QueueNode *next;
+    struct QueueNode *prev;
+} QueueNode;
+
+
+typedef struct Queue
+{
+    int count;
+    QueueNode *first;
+    QueueNode *last;
+} Queue;
+
+
+#define QUEUE_FOREACH(Q, C)                                                                                            \
+    QueueNode *C = NULL;                                                                                               \
+    for (C = Q->first; C != NULL; C = C->next)
+
+
+Queue *Queue_create()
+{
+    return calloc(1, sizeof(Queue));
+}
+void Queue_destroy(Queue *q)
+{
+    for (int i = 0; i < q->count;i++){
+        QueueNode *temp = q->first;
+        q->first = temp->next;
+        free(temp);
+    }
+    free(q);
+}
+void Queue_send(Queue *q, void *value)
+{
+    q->count++;
+    QueueNode *temp = calloc(1, sizeof(QueueNode));
+    temp->value = value;
+    if (q->first == NULL)
+    {
+        temp->prev = NULL;
+        temp->next = NULL;
+        q->first = temp;
+        q->last = temp;
+        return;
+    }
+    temp->next = q->first;
+    q->first->prev = temp;
+    temp->prev = NULL;
+    q->first = temp;
+}
+void *Queue_peek(Queue *q)
+{
+    return q->last->value;
+}
+int Queue_count(Queue *q)
+{
+    if (q == NULL)
+        return 0;
+    return q->count;
+}
+
+void *Queue_recv(Queue *q)
+{
+    void *result = NULL;
+    if (q->count == 0)
+        return NULL;
+    q->count--;
+    result = q->last->value;
+    QueueNode *temp = q->last;
+    if (q->count == 0)
+    {
+        free(temp);
+        return result;
+    }
+    q->last = q->last->prev;
+    q->last->next = NULL;
+    free(temp);
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+#endif

pre-study_phase/2025_02_17/Q42/src/lcthw/stack.h

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#ifndef lcthw_Stack_h
+#define lcthw_Stack_h
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#define STACK_FOREACH(S, C)                                                                                            \
+    Stack *C = NULL;                                                                                                   \
+    for (C = S; C != NULL && C->value != NULL; C = C->next)
+
+typedef struct Stack
+{
+    void *value;
+    struct Stack *next;
+} Stack;
+
+Stack *Stack_create()
+{
+    return calloc(1, sizeof(Stack));
+}
+
+void Stack_destroy(Stack *s)
+{
+    STACK_FOREACH(s, cur)
+    {
+        free(s);
+        s = cur;
+    }
+    free(s);
+}
+
+void Stack_push(Stack *s, void *value)
+{
+    if (s->value == NULL)
+    {
+        s->value = value;
+        return;
+    }
+    Stack *temp = calloc(1, sizeof(Stack));
+    temp->value = s->value;
+    temp->next = s->next;
+    s->value = value;
+    s->next = temp;
+}
+
+int Stack_count(Stack *s)
+{
+    int count = 0;
+    STACK_FOREACH(s, cur)
+    {
+        count++;
+    }
+    return count;
+}
+
+void *Stack_peek(Stack *s)
+{
+    if (s == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+    else
+    {
+        return s->value;
+    }
+}
+
+void *Stack_pop(Stack *s)
+{
+    if (s == NULL || s->value == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+    Stack *temp = s->next;
+    void *value = s->value;
+    if (temp != NULL)
+    {
+        s->next = temp->next;
+        s->value = temp->value;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        s->value = NULL;
+        s->next = NULL;
+    }
+    free(temp);
+    return value;
+}
+
+#endif

pre-study_phase/2025_02_17/Q42/tests/dbg.h

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#ifndef _dbg_h_
+#define _dbg_h_
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#ifdef NDEBUG
+#define debug(M, ...)
+#else
+#define debug(M, ...) fprintf(stderr, "DEBUG %s:%d:" M "\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#endif
+
+#define clean_errno() (errno == 0 ? "None" : strerror(errno))
+
+#define log_err(M, ...) fprintf(stderr, "[ERROR] (%s:%d: errno: %s) " M "\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, clean_errno(), ##__VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define log_warn(M, ...) fprintf(stderr, "[WARN] (%s:%d: errno: %s) " M "\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, clean_errno(), ##__VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define log_info(M, ...) fprintf(stderr, "[INFO] (%s:%d) " M "\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define check(A, M, ...)           \
+    if (!(A))                      \
+    {                              \
+        log_err(M, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+        errno = 0;                 \
+        goto error;                \
+    }
+
+#define sentinel(M, ...)           \
+    {                              \
+        log_err(M, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+        errno = 0;                 \
+        goto error;                \
+    }
+
+#define check_mem(A) check((A), "Out of memory.")
+
+#define check_debug(A, M, ...)   \
+    if (!(A))                    \
+    {                            \
+        debug(M, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+        errno = 0;               \
+        goto error;              \
+    }
+
+#endif

pre-study_phase/2025_02_17/Q42/tests/minunit.h

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#undef NDEBUG
+#ifndef _minunit_h
+#define _minunit_h
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "dbg.h"
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#define mu_suite_start() char *message = NULL
+
+#define mu_assert(test, message) \
+    if (!(test))                 \
+    {                            \
+        log_err(message);        \
+        return message;          \
+    }
+#define mu_run_test(test)          \
+    debug("\n-----%s", " " #test); \
+    message = test();              \
+    tests_run++;                   \
+    if (message)                   \
+        return message;
+
+#define RUN_TESTS(name)                         \
+    int main(int argc, char *argv[])            \
+    {                                           \
+        (void)argc;                             \
+        debug("----- RUNNING: %s", argv[0]);    \
+        printf("----\nRUNNING: %s\n", argv[0]); \
+        char *result = name();                  \
+        if (result != 0)                        \
+        {                                       \
+            printf("FAILED: %s\n", result);     \
+        }                                       \
+        else                                    \
+        {                                       \
+            printf("ALL TESTS PASSED\n");       \
+        }                                       \
+        printf("Tests run: %d\n", tests_run);   \
+        exit(result != 0);                      \
+    }
+
+int tests_run;
+
+#endif

pre-study_phase/2025_02_17/Q42/tests/queue_tests.c

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#include "minunit.h"
+#include <lcthw/queue.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+static Queue *queue = NULL;
+char *tests[] = {"test1 data", "test2 data", "test3 data"};
+#define NUM_TESTS 3
+
+char *test_create()
+{
+    queue = Queue_create();
+    mu_assert(queue != NULL, "Failed to create queue.");
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+char *test_destroy()
+{
+    mu_assert(queue != NULL, "Failed to make queue #2");
+    Queue_destroy(queue);
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+char *test_send_recv()
+{
+    int i = 0;
+    for (i = 0; i < NUM_TESTS; i++)
+    {
+        Queue_send(queue, tests[i]);
+        mu_assert(Queue_peek(queue) == tests[0], "Wrong next value.");
+    }
+
+    mu_assert(Queue_count(queue) == NUM_TESTS, "Wrong count on send.");
+
+    QUEUE_FOREACH(queue, cur)
+    {
+        debug("VAL: %s", (char *)cur->value);
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < NUM_TESTS; i++)
+    {
+        char *val = Queue_recv(queue);
+        mu_assert(val == tests[i], "Wrong value on recv.");
+    }
+
+    mu_assert(Queue_count(queue) == 0, "Wrong count after recv.");
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+char *all_tests()
+{
+    mu_suite_start();
+
+    mu_run_test(test_create);
+    mu_run_test(test_send_recv);
+    mu_run_test(test_destroy);
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+RUN_TESTS(all_tests);

pre-study_phase/2025_02_17/Q42/tests/runtests.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+SCRIPT_DIR=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd)
+cd "$SCRIPT_DIR"
+./stack_tests.out
+./queue_tests.out

pre-study_phase/2025_02_17/Q42/tests/stack_tests.c

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#include "minunit.h"
+#include <lcthw/stack.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+static Stack *stack = NULL;
+char *tests[] = {"test1 data", "test2 data", "test3 data"};
+#define NUM_TESTS 3
+
+
+char *test_create()
+{
+    stack = Stack_create();
+    mu_assert(stack != NULL, "Failed to create stack.");
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+char *test_destroy()
+{
+    mu_assert(stack != NULL, "Failed to make stack #2");
+    Stack_destroy(stack);
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+char *test_push_pop()
+{
+    int i = 0;
+    for(i = 0; i < NUM_TESTS; i++) {
+        Stack_push(stack, tests[i]);
+        mu_assert(Stack_peek(stack) == tests[i], "Wrong next value.");
+    }
+
+    mu_assert(Stack_count(stack) == NUM_TESTS, "Wrong count on push.");
+
+    STACK_FOREACH(stack, cur) {
+        debug("VAL: %s", (char *)cur->value);
+    }
+
+    for(i = NUM_TESTS - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        char *val = Stack_pop(stack);
+        mu_assert(val == tests[i], "Wrong value on pop.");
+    }
+
+    mu_assert(Stack_count(stack) == 0, "Wrong count after pop.");
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+char *all_tests() {
+    mu_suite_start();
+
+    mu_run_test(test_create);
+    mu_run_test(test_push_pop);
+    mu_run_test(test_destroy);
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+ RUN_TESTS(all_tests);